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Why Ooloi Doesn't Need a DAW

21/1/2026

9 Comments

 
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For decades, orchestral playback has been organised around an absence of trust.

The score was not considered precise enough to stand on its own, so it had to be translated. MIDI became the intermediary. DAWs became the place where music was made to behave. Templates grew until they resembled orchestras-in-storage. Machines were added not because the music required it, but because the protocol did.

Ooloi takes a different position.

The score is treated as the authoritative description of the music. Pitch, timing, articulation, phrasing, microtonality and humanisation are not annotations awaiting interpretation elsewhere. They are part of the structure. Playback does not correct the score. It follows it.

For that reason, Ooloi has no MIDI output in the core. Audio is produced entirely by frontend plugins: VST/AU instruments, SoundFonts, synthesis engines. The backend never allocates channels, never bends pitches, never streams audio. It manages musical structure. Plugins turn that structure into sound. The instruments run inside Ooloi, not in an external DAW waiting for MIDI.

Pitch is represented symbolically and exactly. A note is not a frequency approximation or a MIDI pitch with heavy makeup but something like "C###4+50". A sustained chord can contain a continuously glissing inner voice without splitting staves, duplicating instruments, or consuming additional channels. There is no pitch-bend choreography, no controller bookkeeping, no library-specific workaround logic. The DNA soup is gone.

For readers coming from notation, this restores the score's authority. Slurs, dynamics, accents, register and phrasing are no longer hints for later repair. They are the performance.

For readers coming from virtual instruments, this architecture removes entire categories of work that have become normalised:

- No permanent DAW templates holding a full orchestra 'just in case'
- No slave machines preloading instruments that never play
- No CC drawing to approximate phrasing already present in the notation (the work that currently keeps Hans Zimmer's assistants employed)
- No channel allocation strategies for divisi or microtonality
- No waiting for templates to load before hearing a single note

Because the semantic model captures what is actually written, playback plugins can analyse the score and load only what is required. If a piece contains no contrabassoon, no contrabassoon need exist in memory. If a technique is missing in one library, another can be invoked for that passage alone. Routing, balance and reverberation can follow from structure, not from global assumptions.

This is why large template-based setups become unnecessary. Not because of optimisation tricks, but because they were compensating for a semantic gap between notation and sound. The architecture closes that gap.

Do DAWs still matter? Yes, but later. Mixing, sound design, video synchronisation and final delivery remain DAW territory. What changes is that the DAW is no longer required to make the music behave like music.

Ooloi does not replace the DAW.

It removes the need for the DAW to do a job it was never meant to do.
9 Comments
Peter Bengtson link
21/1/2026 22:05:28

You may also be interested in this new ADR:

https://github.com/PeterBengtson/Ooloi-docs/blob/main/ADRs/0041-Ooloi-Virtual-Instrument-Specification-OVIS.md

Reply
Roland Gurt
24/1/2026 21:32:55

Dear Peter, how interesting. The software talks directly to VST plugins instead of using MIDI as a messenger? As I understand, two reference implementations will be provided for the free libraries "BBC Symphony Orchestra Discover" and "Virtual Playing Orchestra". Will it also be possible to use NotePerformer with your software?

Reply
Peter Bengtson
25/1/2026 11:11:52

Roland,

NotePerformer exists because MIDI discards semantic intent that must then be reconstructed. The one-second lookahead, the note-length inference, the articulation detection – all of it is reverse-engineering meaning from data that has been stripped of meaning.

Ooloi never strips it away. The semantic model contains exactly what NotePerformer works so hard to recover: phrasing structure, articulation intent, dynamic context. This isn't supplementary data awaiting translation – it is the representation.

Could a MIDI output plugin feed NotePerformer? In principle. But you would be discarding the semantic information Ooloi preserves, then paying NotePerformer to guess it back. The result would be worse than either system working alone.

For NotePerformer to work natively with Ooloi, Wallander would need to build an Ooloi integration as they have for Sibelius, Dorico, and Finale. That's their decision to make. I won't speculate on their roadmap.

The OVID specification takes a different approach: plugins that understand Ooloi's semantic model directly, without MIDI as intermediary. This opens possibilities NotePerformer's architecture cannot reach. Humanisation plugins can be style-aware – Dowland and Scriabin should not be phrased the same way, and a plugin with access to the full semantic context can make informed decisions about rubato, articulation weight, string portamento type, and temporal shaping appropriate to the repertoire. And since the entire score is available as structure rather than reconstructed from a real-time stream, the lookahead window is unlimited. Not one second – the whole piece.

Igor Engraver had early versions of intelligent playback 25 years ago. OVID is the architecture for doing it properly in 2026.

Reply
Peter Bengtson
25/1/2026 11:58:24

I could also answer your question this way: the core of what NotePerformer does – selecting the right sounds and articulations based on context – is already covered by OVID. What remains is the humanisation layer, which is designed as a separate plugin concern in Ooloi's architecture.

Reply
Roland Gurt
28/1/2026 10:02:05

For me the core value of NotePerformer is its balancing, which of any library comes closest to real performances – without manual intervention, thanks to years-long efforts by Wallander. That’s why it’s so valuable for working composers, who can use it to "proof-listen". Also, all its instruments have unlimited tessitura, so you never have silent notes.

But of course, the great appeal of Ooloi to many will probably be its engraving quality, and not its "mock-up versatility". It should be pretty easy to XML-export a work and open it and play it back in another program using NotePerformer or whatever configuration one might employ.

Reply
Peter Bengtson
28/1/2026 11:30:30

Roland,

You've identified what NotePerformer gets right: the musician shouldn't need to be an audio engineer. Wallander's years of perceptual tuning mean users simply write music and hear plausible orchestral balance. That's the correct goal.

I recognised this goal twenty-five years ago with Igor Engraver. Synth Matrices let users combine instruments from different MIDI devices and hear coherent playback because the matrices described each device's characteristics—calibration, timing, patch mappings. The musician stayed in the musical domain. It worked, within MIDI's constraints. The semantic approach meant Igor never had to guess at meaning – it was already there.

OVID pursues the same goal with better means. Direct VST control eliminates the MIDI detour and its information loss. You set up your score, select your instruments, and Ooloi takes care of the rest. No templates to build. No gain staging to learn. No articulation keyswitches to programme. No endless balancing of brass against woodwinds. You write music; it plays back accurately. The explicit aim is that you never need to put on an engineer's lab coat just to hear a pizzicato.

Behind the scenes, every OVID file carries mandatory calibration data: loudness normalisation, onset compensation, parameter mappings. Spitfire strings with Vienna brass with EastWest percussion – Ooloi configures them automatically so they work together. But you don't need to know any of this. The specification handles it so you don't have to.

On tessitura: you raise a legitimate concern. The specification defines instrument ranges, and fallback chains address coverage gaps. If a note falls outside what one library provides, another in the chain can handle it. I'll ensure the ADR addresses edge-case policy explicitly.

Ooloi aims to do first-class engraving and first-class playback. Both are required for real creativity. Lab coats are not.

Reply
Scott Lannie
1/2/2026 13:39:47

This will be incredible, but will the various orchestra library developers get on board, I’m assuming they will have to add code to their VST’s to use with Ooloi?

Reply
Peter Bengtson
1/2/2026 14:00:47

Scott,

No modification to VST instruments is required. OVID files are external configuration, not embedded code.

An OVID file describes how to map Ooloi's semantic model to a specific VST's existing interface: which CC controls dynamics, which keyswitches select articulations, what the instrument's calibrated loudness is, how much latency compensation it needs. The VST remains unchanged. OVID tells Ooloi how to drive it.

This means anyone can write an OVID file for any VST instrument. Spitfire needn't lift a finger for someone to create comprehensive OVID support for BBC Symphony Orchestra. The two reference implementations I'm providing – for BBCSO Discover and Virtual Playing Orchestra – serve as working examples. The community can take it from there.

Whether library developers choose to ship official OVID files with their products is their decision. Some may see value in it; others may leave it to users. Either way, adoption doesn't depend on vendor cooperation. It depends on whether the specification is good enough that people want to use it.

Twenty-five years ago, NoteHeads wrote synth matrices for all the common MIDI devices on the market. The situation with Ooloi is the same: we could provide OVID files for the most widely used VST libraries, and there aren't that many. Or users could write their own to suit their tastes. Both approaches are equally valid.

One further point, as it was touched upon earlier in this comment thread: OVID files perform most of what NotePerformer does – instrument and articulation mapping, instrument calibration, automatic balancing – but as open configuration rather than proprietary software. The community can build and refine them collectively.

Reply
Scott Lannie
1/2/2026 15:08:47

Thank you for that well crafted explanation Peter.




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Ooloi is an open-source desktop music notation system for musicians who need stable, precise engraving and the freedom to notate complex music without workarounds. Scores and parts are handled consistently, remain responsive at scale, and support collaborative work without semantic compromise. They are not tied to proprietary formats or licensing.
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