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Nun denn, allein!

16/10/2025

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'Well then, alone!' – Elektra's cry when Chrysothemis refuses to help her. Not triumphant independence, but desperate necessity fused with unwavering resolve. The isolation isn't chosen; it's forced by the impossibility of finding anyone who shares her singular purpose. Orestes isn't likely to materialise.

There was a functional programming conference in Stockholm recently. I'm sure it was excellent. I didn't attend. I should probably have been there – Ooloi is built in Clojure, after all, and finding collaborators would be useful – but I felt conflicted, and that conflict revealed something I'd been avoiding: the FP community cannot help me, and I don't need it anyway.

​Sect Dynamics

​I'm disappointed with the functional programming community. I was expecting higher-level thinking – freer thinking, commensurate with the intellectual freedom Clojure itself offers – but the atmosphere proved to be a shallow puddle of sectarianism​. That probably has its reasons – being marginalised as a community is probably one of them – but the end result remains unchanged.

The patterns are unmistakable. Knowledge as gatekeeping: the endless monad tutorial phenomenon, where every advocate believes they can explain monads better than everyone else, typically through increasingly baroque metaphors involving burritos, space suits, or elephants. This isn't pedagogy; it's ritual initiation. The complexity serves a social function – maintaining boundaries between insiders and outsiders.

Purity as virtue signalling: debates about whether using `IO` makes you impure, whether exceptions violate functional principles, whether mutation in bounded contexts is acceptable. These discussions frame technical trade-offs as moral categories, as though architectural design were a moral discipline rather than an engineering one. The language reveals it – clean, pure, disciplined versus dirty, impure, undisciplined. This is religious vocabulary applied to software engineering.

Terminology as tribal marker: deliberate retention of academic terminology when simpler terms exist. Endofunctor, catamorphism, anamorphism when 'map over containers', 'fold', 'unfold' would suffice. The obscurity is the point – it establishes hierarchy and demonstrates membership.

The emphasis falls on mathematical elegance rather than problem-solving. The question isn't Does this help ship software but Is this theoretically sound. People who can recite monad laws but have never shipped a product receive more status than developers applying functional patterns to solve actual problems.

Then there's the missionary behaviour: the conviction that imperative programmers need conversion. The framework isn't Here's another useful tool but You're doing it wrong until you see the light. This creates antagonism rather than adoption.

Being marginalised as a community probably explains some of this – defensive posture manifesting as increased boundary enforcement, which creates insider/outsider distinctions, which enables status hierarchies based on doctrinal purity. But understanding the cause doesn't change the result, and it doesn't make the behaviour intellectually rigorous or practically useful.

The Clojure Exception

Clojure largely escaped this because Rich Hickey explicitly rejected purity culture. 'It's acceptable to use Java libraries'. 'Mutability in bounded contexts is fine'. 'Solve problems first'. The Clojure community focused on what you can build, not on arcane knowledge as status marker. This produced broader adoption without compromising functional principles.

This is why I chose Clojure for Ooloi in the first place. But even within that pragmatic oasis, the broader FP community dynamics leak through. The conference I didn't attend would have featured both kinds of people – those interested in building things and those interested in doctrinal purity – and I couldn't predict which would predominate.

The Intersection Problem

​Here's the substantive issue: finding Ooloi collaborators in FP communities is statistically improbable because very few people occupy my intersection point between various disciplines.

Music notation requires an understanding of compositional structure, engraving conventions, and how musicians actually work. Functional architecture requires a sophisticated understanding of immutability, higher-order functions, transducers, STM transactions, and compositional patterns. Backend infrastructure requires a willingness to work on unglamorous problems like endpoint resolution and temporal traversal rather than visible features, and in Ooloi's case, an understanding of server technology and secure cloud operations.

The population at that intersection is approximately one.

FP communities might yield people who appreciate my transducer implementations or STM transaction handling. But they won't understand why endpoint resolution for slurs matters, how temporal traversal serves musical structure, or what makes intelligent engraving different from geometric placement. The domain expertise is orthogonal to FP community concentration.

The inverse holds equally: musicians who understand notation deeply rarely have the architectural sophistication to work on Ooloi's core, and even fewer would find satisfaction in building infrastructure rather than using tools.

I've worked outside the FP community all my life. Functional programming is a tool, not a (monadic) religion. (And why are monadic and nomadic so similar?) Why join the community now, when the benefits are unclear and the costs palpable?

Consilium Latinum

​The technical response is what I call the Latin strategy: making Ooloi's core a stable foundation for a plugin ecosystem. Build the architectural core once in Clojure, then let developers in other JVM languages contribute via plugins without needing to understand the underlying functional implementation. I've written about this approach in Penitenziagite!, so I won't rehearse it here.

Elektra or Quixote?

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The psychological question is whether this makes me Elektra or Don Quixote.

Elektra confronts a real murder, real injustice, a legitimate need for action that others refuse. The isolation comes from their cowardice or pragmatism, not from her misunderstanding of reality. The task is achievable and gets completed. The tragedy is the psychological cost, not the validity of the purpose.

Quixote confronts imaginary problems with obsolete ideals, mistaking windmills for giants. The isolation comes from a fundamental disconnect with reality. The task is impossible because it's based on delusion. The comedy (later tragedy) is that the quest itself is meaningless.

The distinction depends on whether the problem is real. Do musicians actually need what Ooloi provides? If existing notation software genuinely fails at problems Ooloi solves, then Elektra. If musicians are adequately served by current tools, if the architectural sophistication I'm building doesn't translate to problems they actually experience, then Quixote.

But there's a third option beyond tragic obsession and delusional quest. I'm building something architecturally excellent because I can, because it interests me, because functional approaches to musical structure are intellectually satisfying. The architecture might be elegant, but it's not worth psychological dissolution.

The Latin model suggests I've already chosen this third path. I'm building core infrastructure well, documenting it properly, then making it available via plugin architecture that assumes others might have different needs. That's craft separated from identity.

Not Dancing to Death

Elektra's tragedy is total consumption by purpose. She becomes nothing but the task, and when it completes, there's nothing left because she permitted no existence beyond vengeance. She dances herself to death.

I'm certainly not doing that. Ooloi is a project, not my entire existence. Sustainable completion means finishing the backend, documenting it clearly, releasing it, and then moving on. The work stands independently; I remain separate from it.

I'll finish Ooloi's core architecture working alone, not because I prefer isolation, but because collaboration at this intersection point is impractical. The resolve comes from accepting reality rather than pretending community exists where it doesn't.

The backend is complete. The transducer-based timewalker is fast, tight, and efficient. Endpoint resolution handles slurs and ties correctly. Nearly nineteen thousand tests pass. Vector Path Descriptors enable elegant client-server communication.

Then comes plugin architecture, and seeing whether anyone finds Ooloi useful. If they do, excellent. If they don't, I built something architecturally sound and learned what I needed to learn.

Either way, the work speaks for itself. And I continue existing beyond it.

Nun denn, allein!
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Poetic Licence

10/10/2025

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Last week's discussion on VI-Control turned into an unintentional seminar on what 'open source' actually means.

Nando Florestan, a composer and developer learning Clojure, read through the draft licence with unusual care and pointed out something I hadn't thought through properly: the anti-rebranding clause made Ooloi proprietary in practice. Forks would have been impossible without my permission. The OSI definition is clear: that's not open source, regardless of intent.

He was right.

The clause came from experience, not malice. Igor Engraver derailed out of my control, and I didn't want that repeated. But open source is a matter of definition, not sentiment. Trademark protects the name 'Ooloi'. Anything beyond that belongs to the commons.

The fix was simple: remove the modification. Pure MPL 2.0, no amendments. Register the trademark properly. Add a clear policy statement confirming that plugins and applications built using Ooloi's APIs aren't derivative works.

Better to discover it before release than after. The conversation forced me to confront what open source actually means for this project: giving up control while retaining integrity.

Why MPL 2.0

The Mozilla Public Licence sits exactly where Ooloi belongs: halfway between the ideological asceticism of GPL and the cheerful anarchy of MIT. File-level copyleft keeps the core collaborative while leaving everything built upon it entirely free.

Reciprocity without coercion.

If someone improves Ooloi's STM transaction coordinator or gRPC layer, those improvements remain in the commons. If someone builds a sophisticated playback system or commercial notation front-end atop Ooloi, they own it completely. That's how platform infrastructure should work.

The 'for the avoidance of doubt' clarification states what's already true: plugins, extensions, and applications using Ooloi's APIs aren't derivative works. This matters because commercial developers won't participate if they need solicitors to interpret 'Larger Work' provisions. The clarification prevents that friction.

The Alternatives Fail

GPL would poison the plugin ecosystem. The FSF's position on plugins-as-derivatives creates legal ambiguity that kills commercial participation. No professional algorithm vendors, no sophisticated commercial tools, no ecosystem.

Apache/MIT/BSD permits enclosure. Someone could fork Ooloi's core into proprietary software, capturing improvements that should remain shared. For infrastructure intended as commons, permissive licences are actually less free.

AGPL extends copyleft to network usage, which would criminalise legitimate commercial deployments: publishers running collaborative servers, institutions hosting multi-user environments, enterprises managing internal infrastructure.

LGPL adds complex compliance requirements without benefits. MPL 2.0's file-level copyleft provides cleaner separation.

The WordPress Parallel

The economics mirror WordPress's evolution. Core CMS functionality became commoditised infrastructure. Commercial value migrated to themes, plugins, hosting, services. Companies like Automattic built substantial businesses while the core improved collaboratively through thousands of contributors.

Ooloi follows similar logic. What legacy notation systems monetise becomes architectural givens:
  • Multiple musician collaboration: natural consequence of STM transactions
  • Large ensemble support: linear performance scaling  
  • High-quality printing: Skija's cross-platform rendering
  • Plugin extensibility: safe operations on immutable data

Commercial opportunities shift to where genuine value exists: sophisticated interfaces, professional algorithms, premium workflows, enterprise services. The core handles infrastructure. The plugins handle musical domain knowledge.

The Ultimate Irony

Under MPL 2.0, a product such as Järvenpää Silence Notator 2.0 (purely hypothetical, right?) could theoretically build atop Ooloi while maintaining proprietary differentiation through proprietary plugins and interface. The core infrastructure they'd no longer need to maintain. The competitive advantages they'd demonstrate through superior musical intelligence.

Whether this happens is irrelevant. The goal is proving that functional programming solves long-standing problems, enabling possibilities previously impractical: real-time collaboration without subscription lock-in, parallel processing without performance collapse, plugin extensibility without architectural fragility.

The licence ensures improvements flow back to the commons while permitting commercial innovation.

Practical Implications

For developers evaluating Ooloi:

Building plugins: Licence them however you want. Sell them, give them away, open-source them. No GPL contamination, no AGPL network copyleft. MPL 2.0 applies to Ooloi, not to your work.

Modifying Ooloi's core: File-level copyleft applies. Modified files must remain MPL 2.0. You can still build proprietary applications using modified Ooloi. Just release your modifications to Ooloi's source files.

Commercial deployment: Run SaaS services, embed in proprietary applications, charge what you like. MPL 2.0 requires nothing from you unless you modify core files.

On Integrity

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Licensing isn't a legal appendix to the codebase; it's part of the architecture. A distributed system defines its boundaries through protocols. A licence does the same, only in law instead of syntax.

Open source isn't marketing; it's a contract of trust. You keep the code open not because you must, but because integrity demands it. You protect the name not to hoard it, but to prevent confusion.

Ooloi's licence now mirrors its architecture: clear boundaries, open interfaces, and a shared foundation for whatever might be built next.

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Penitenziagite!

7/10/2025

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Yes, another technical post. But this one explains why Ooloi doesn't demand you become a programmer to use it, or learn Latin to extend it for your specific needs. The architecture matters precisely because it removes barriers rather than creating them.
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​In Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose, a mad monk wanders through the monastery corridors shouting 'Penitenziagite!' – corrupted Latin mixed with vernacular, incomprehensible noise that might be prophecy or might be madness. Communication fails not from lack of content, but from linguistic confusion. The message is lost in translation.

Software architectures shout 'Penitenziagite!' constantly, and we've grown so accustomed to the noise that we mistake it for communication.

The Language Impedance Problem

​When you write a plugin for a system, you shouldn't need to learn the implementation language. That seems obvious, yet most software makes exactly that demand. Functional programming libraries leak monads into Java APIs. Object-oriented frameworks force functional concepts into awkward method chains. Every language boundary becomes a barrier, every abstraction a translation exercise.

The pattern is familiar:
  • Methods that expose internal implementation details externally
  • APIs that assume you think in the framework's paradigm
  • Documentation that requires understanding the core's language to extend the edges
  • Forced mental context-switching when crossing boundaries
  • 'Just learn our language' presented as the solution rather than the problem

This isn't malice. It's accidental linguistic imperialism – systems that never considered the difference between internal precision and external accessibility.

The Monastic Pattern

Medieval monasteries preserved knowledge in Latin – a dead language, deliberately removed from common speech, chosen for precision and permanence. Yet they didn't demand everyone learn Latin to benefit from monastery medicine or improved agriculture. The knowledge stayed pure in the centre; the benefits propagated outward in the vernacular.

Ooloi follows this pattern.

The core is written in Clojure. This isn't negotiable, because the hard problems in music notation software require immutability, structural sharing, and proper concurrency. Functional programming isn't a preference; it's the only approach that doesn't collapse under its own compromises.

But plugins can be written in Java, Kotlin, Scala, or any JVM language. Not as second-class extensions with limited capabilities, but as first-class citizens with full API access, equal performance, and no artificial limitations. The JVM interop means there's no penalty for crossing the boundary – your Java plugin operates with the same guarantees as code written in Clojure.

This arrangement has three parts:

I: The Scriptorium (Clojure core) – Where the hard problems are solved with uncompromising discipline. Immutable data structures provide structural sharing. Temporal coordination via the timewalker ensures correct musical semantics. STM enables proper concurrent editing. Zero-allocation hot paths ensure performance. This is where craft is mandatory, not aspirational.

II: The Library (canonical plugins in Clojure) – Reference implementations showing how the architecture should be used. Teaching by example, maintaining standards, preserving patterns for others to study.

III: The Gate (JVM plugin system) – The boundary that speaks idiomatically in every JVM language. Immutability guarantees propagate transparently. Plugin developers work naturally in their chosen language whilst benefiting from the rigorous core.

Why This Structure Works

​The core cannot compromise. If mutability seeps in, if temporal coordination is abandoned for convenience, the whole thesis fails. The hard problems must be solved correctly, once, in the protected centre.

But the perimeter cannot be closed. If only Clojure developers can extend Ooloi, adoption remains limited to those willing to learn functional programming. The architectural advantages – provable speedup on reflow operations, proper concurrent editing, elimination of state-corruption bugs – must be accessible without requiring conversion.

This isn't architectural fussiness. It's the difference between a system that proves functional programming solves these problems and one that merely claims it whilst forcing everyone through the same narrow gate.

Consider the alternative: most cross-language projects either compromise the core's purity to make external access easier, or maintain purity whilst making extension nearly impossible. Both approaches fail – the first produces unreliable systems, the second produces unused ones.

First-Class Citizenship

​When I say plugins are first-class citizens, I mean it precisely:
  • Full API access: Plugins can do anything internal code can do
  • No performance penalty: JVM interop means native speed across boundaries  
  • Equal capabilities: The implementation language determines developer experience, not power
  • Designed from the start: The architecture was built with plugins as equals, not added later

Your Java plugin implementing custom layout rules operates with the same capabilities as Clojure core code. The boundary is invisible – just clean interfaces and reliable contracts.
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'Penitenziagite! Penitenziagite!'

No Penitenziagite Here

Ooloi's architecture refuses the mad monk's cry. No demand that you learn Clojure to participate. No leaked functional programming concepts in the public API. No linguistic imperialism masquerading as technical necessity.

The core speaks Clojure because that's the right tool for solving these problems correctly. The plugin system speaks your language because that's the right way to enable participation. Each side of the boundary uses the language appropriate to its purpose.

This is architectural empathy: not compromise, but proper boundary design. The scriptorium can maintain Latin for precision whilst the gate speaks the vernacular.

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Work continues: the monastery's standards hold. The architecture neither shouts incomprehensibly nor demands conversion. There's no Inquisition burning engraving monks at the stake.

The point isn't piety; it's architecture that stays intelligible.

Just clarity, properly structured.

– William of Baskerville

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    Author

    Peter Bengtson –
    Cloud architect, Clojure advocate, concert organist, opera composer. Craft over commodity. Still windsurfing through parentheses.

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Ooloi is a modern, open-source music notation software designed to handle complex musical scores with ease. It is designed to be a flexible and powerful music notation software tool providing professional, high-quality results. The core functionality includes inputting music notation, formatting scores and their parts, and printing them. Additional features can be added as plugins, allowing for a modular and customizable user experience.​


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